Digital warfare dominates modern geopolitical conflict as nation-states deploy increasingly sophisticated cyber arsenals against strategic targets worldwide. Traditional boundaries between state-sponsored espionage and criminal enterprise have blurred significantly, creating complex security challenges for organisations across sectors. Recent intelligence reveals alarming trends in these sovereign actors’ operations, highlighting the critical need for enhanced security measures at the highest organisational levels. For security leaders, nation-state cyber operations now represent as significant a threat as financially-motivated cybercrime, with far-reaching implications for corporate security frameworks